Zackery Burton's Blog

The nature and content of CPD events have frequently…

zackeryburton — Fri, 23 Jul 2010 02:10:41 +0000

The nature and content of CPD events have frequently been cross-disciplinary, a necessary factor if they are to attract optimum attendances.
In consequence no particular facet of the policy is seen to be peculiar to any one Division; what is so for the profession generally is also true for the building surveyor; we are all in the same boat. THE FUTURE
But what of the future?
A professional environment must be created so that the members have confidence in the educational system to produce persons of the right calibre with the ability to bring identity and credit to the profession.
Previous reference has been made to the slowly increasing proportion of graduates entering the Division, and it is interesting to note that in 1984 of all members achieving corporate membership of the RICS, 65.6% did so by exempting degree or diploma courses, but of building surveyors only 51.1% joined the Division by this method and the lowest proportion of the three main Divisions.
Nor is this untypical; statistics prepared for the past four years present the same picture.
However, what the 1984 statistics for the Division also show is that, of the 51.1% exempting degree or diploma holders, 22.4% qualified by the graduate entry or Direct Membership schemes, and only 26.5% entered by way of the Institution’s examinations.
Now that the Institution’s policy for the provision of part-time education has been made clear for and say and the next ten years, it is most likely that all new entrants to the profession will be studying for surveying degrees or diplomas and the profession will have finally become a graduate one.
In these circumstances and the RICS will have completely to relinquish control over curricula content to approved universities, polytechnics and colleges ” a process which, as we have seen, is already under way.
The task these educational establishments face is to equip the surveying student with the basic skills of the profession and an ability to adapt to new circumstances.
The substance of building surveying has not changed appreciably over the years and while certain aspects of the more academic subjects of economics and law have been latterly introduced and they were there to prop up the whole discipline rather than to provide invaluable information.
With a resurgence of technology, it will be unnecessary in future years to seek artificial academic support for the discipline; instead the study of construction technology, construction method, design and materials and construction management should be allowed to form the core with the relevant contribution of legal and financial (rather than economic) subjects directed towards it.
It should also be borne in mind that, in the current success of building surveying practice in the areas of project management ” be the project new or refurbishment ” and analysis of building performance and the medium through which these special skills are consolidated is client contact.
The relationship that the building surveyor is able to develop directly with the client is unusual in its closeness, and has a special significance in that it enables him to be identified as the expert in the area of work under inquiry.
That is to say, he stands between the client and the outcome of his instruction and is therefore identified as the one most responsible for a project’s success or failure.
Within future curricula and this aspect of the building surveyor’s career may need greater emphasis and to ensure he holds the ground he has already gained.
The mode of student attendance is more difficult to forecast, because while a full-time place for study will feature topmost in a candidate’s range of choices and the prospect of getting a job early may provide a stimulus for part-time study.
The critical factor in such an equation is the role of the employer, for all part-time study must be employer-led; but the availability of study opportunity in the shape of viable courses will also be a crucial factor.
The number of eighteen-year-olds seeking further and higher education is currently on the decline, at the same time as more of the graduates emerging from university are non-cognate; thus a balance is being held but at the expense of “RICS students’.
(This too is demonstrated by the statistics, for as RICS entrants have declined from 41.2% in 1981 to 26.5% in 1984 and so the graduate intake has increased from 6% to 13.8% over the same period.) This poses two questions.
Will employers prefer the new graduates to the A level employees, and, where will the graduates with their already developed learning skills obtain their building surveyor education?
Furthermore, if the demand for full-time places increases, will there remain a sufficient number of part-time students to sustain the continuance of the courses?
With the proven success of the Open University methods of distance learning, it is likely that a combination of sophisticated distance learning packages, linked to short residential periods on university or polytechnic campus during the vacations, will provide an efficient and cost-effective method of study.
There remains a further consequence of the Institution’s policy of withdrawing from the examination process.
While CNAA remains the accrediting authority for degree status and the Business and Technician Education Council has the responsibility for, and is an increasingly influential body in and the establishment of pre-degree certificates and diplomas.
Thus and there exists a state structure which includes the surveying specialisms and which provides accredited courses and awards to levels other than those of university or CNAA degrees.
With a realisation that many of the profession’s tasks, in both the private and the public sector, now being undertaken by graduates and full members of the Institution could equally well be done by qualified technicians and the role, influence and recognition of technician courses is bound to increase.

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Japan now has 27 national parks, covering just…

zackeryburton — Wed, 07 Jul 2010 06:36:43 +0000

Japan now has 27 national parks, covering just over 5 per cent of the total land area, and over 50 quasi-national parks.
These are scattered throughout the country and include most of the variety of habitats in Japan. Each year, millions of people visit these picturesque areas.
A government environmental agency investigates many environmental problems such as conservation and pollution.
There is even a whale research institute in Tokyo which contributes to a better understanding of whale ecology and whaling techniques.
An explosive harpoon is being developed, not only to damage less meat, but to kill whales quickly and humanely.
The kind of aggression by organisations such as Greenpeace, which harasses whaling operations at sea, only raises the ire of whaling nations like Japan, and exacerbates the problem.
What is needed are peaceful campaigns aimed at the whaling communities via public demonstrations; Japan is not averse to these measures, as the countrywide anti-nuclear demonstrations show.
Antiwhaling notices in the press and on television by, for example and the Japanese branches of Friends of the Earth and World Wildlife Fund would help this campaign.
Antiwhaling could centre around, for example, alternatives to whale products, as listed in the Whale Manual published by Friends of the Earth. Other approaches might originate from within the IWC itself.
First and the IWC would concentrate on supporting whaling research and such as developing methods to assess the age and numbers of whale stocks accurately.
If whaling scientists from all nations pool their knowledge instead of battling each other and then perhaps mutual distrust between Japan and non-Japanese whaling scientists might disappear. Cooperation in the conservation of whales could begin.
Secondly, pragmatic politics could play a larger part in the thinking of the IWC.
A compromise might be agreed with whaling nations who dissent from voting for moratoria by allowing them a more restricted quota than originally proposed. At subsequent meetings efforts could be made to reduce this quota further.
Such an allowance was decided at the 198081 IWC annual meetings, when Japan was allowed to catch 890 sperm whales per year off the Japanese coast where stocks are still high despite the 1981 IWC ban on catching sperm whales.
On the other hand, Japan must not assume that membership of the IWC means a green light to catch unlimited numbers of whales.
The Japanese recognise that the whales in the oceans are not a limitless resource, and that these animals need time to breed and mature.
Japanese whalers, as well as those from other whaling nations, must learn to catch whales selectively, and free immatures and females in the breeding season.
If Japan resigns from the IWC and refuses to catch whales sensibly the United States might conceivably impose a trade embargo.
After the trade wars with the West over cars and electronic goods, who can tell what that might mean for a country so dependent on trade? Molecular drive: a third force in evolution
Evolution may not be prompted solely by the reproductive excesses of a few strikingly superior individuals.

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The laser beam(s) are shone directly into the gas…

zackeryburton — Sun, 27 Jun 2010 20:48:59 +0000

The laser beam(s) are shone directly into the gas and ions are detected as pulses across the high-voltage electrodes.
One of the many proposals for using RIS in nuclear physics concerns the mass of the neutrino and its implication in the missing mass of the Universe (New Scientist , vol 86, p 308).
The neutrino is produced in the beta decay of nuclei, when a neutron converts into a proton, and an electron.
Theories of the weak nuclear interaction which describe this process also predict that it is possible for the nucleus to decay by the simultaneous emission of two electrons or positrons (double beta decay).
The rate for double beta decay is extremely sensitive to the mass of the neutrino and would provide an accurate method for measuring it.
However and the half-life of the process is something like 1022 years; in other words half a sample of nuclei would decay by this means in 1022 years. The technique therefore requires extremely sensitive methods.
One proposal is to take a 2-kg piece of tellurium and leave this for a year; tellurium is chosen because it transmutes into xenon, which is unreactive and relatively easy to detect.
During this time approximately 1000 of the 1025 atoms of tellurium in the sample would change to xenon by double beta decay, and the xenon atoms could be detected by RIS methods.
Another important rare process that lasers may help us to detect is the decay of the proton (New Scientist , vol 85, p 1016).
The lifetime of the proton in a nucleus is predicted to be greater than 1025 years and so it is not feasible to wait for a sufficient number of transmuted atoms to accumulate.
But it is possible to assess the ratio of elements in geological samples, which have been present since the formation of the Earth four thousand million years ago.
This geological technique may also be used to estimate the flux of neutrinos from the Sun during the Earth’s history.
Although I have described two applications of lasers in nuclear physics there are many others, and the number continues to increase as laser technology advances.
The ideal laser for nuclear physics would be one working in the gamma ray part of the spectrum, called a GRASER.
Such “photons” could be made to interact directly with the nucleus, where transition energies are comparable with gamma-ray energies.
The problems in constructing such a device seem at present insurmountable, but who can predict the future? Can we measure social relationships?
Joe Crocker
Observing the way that humans respond to each other is one thing; interpreting those observations to give a useful insight into human social behaviour is more difficult
THE WAY that humans react together socially is something we all feel we know about. Yet can we quantify what we know?

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That would be a mistake: this…

zackeryburton — Sat, 26 Jun 2010 17:02:27 +0000

That would be a mistake: this is one of the most satisfying and interesting CDs I have come across in a long while. It is full of little gems, whose length disguises the stature of their contents.
It serves as a dual purpose: it performs a musicological service by presenting us with an intelligently planned selection of the kind of harpsichord music current in the Germany in which the young Bach grew up, and it also lets us hear several composers of outstanding merit in their own right.
Top marks and too and to Globe for particularly interesting and scholarly programme notes, first by Clemens Romijn, on the music and then by Joop Klinkhamer on the harpsichords used in this recording; the innovative touch is that Klinkhamer is the builder responsible for the reconstructions played here by Jacques Ogg. Best of all and the music is glorious.
it would take too long to go through the entire programme, which is studded with jewels, but if you can dip into it and try the two Passacaglias (Kerll’s and Muffat’s,in D minor and G minor respectively) and the deep and moving Allemande which opens Froberger’s Suite No. 20 (it bears the inscription, in French, “Meditation on my future death and to be played slowly and discreetly”), or his Fantasia No. 2 , which follows it here; try too Buxtehude’s extraordinary Choral Suite Auf meinem lieben Gott ; or Weckmann’s two Toccatas… Oh and try all of it.
Jacques Ogg’s immaculate performances are lively and sensitive: in this very different music, he plays with all the depth that Horszowski finds in Chopin. The recording is exemplary.
Worth every penny.
[MA]
“VIRTUOSO GUITAR TRANSCRIPTIONS”
A brilliant record.
If the idea of transcriptions for guitar of music manifestly written for other instruments offends your aesthetic sensibilities and then prepare to have them confounded: this is very fine music-making, with the emphasis on music.
Nicola Hall is an exceptional artist; her transcriptions are most cleverly contrived, and her playing is an unmitigated joy and the immediate and lasting impression being of a highly-gifted musician. She also has the advantage of an outstanding recording.
Very strongly recommended ” even to those who don’t usually like guitar albums. [RMW]
“THOMAS HARDY AND LOVE”
An Anthology with music, compiled and presented by Bernard Palmer
From a corpus of almost one thousand poems this anthology is well selected and presented.
“Love”(in all its aspects) is the theme of most of Hardy’s fiction and poetry, and the well known poems To Lisbie Browne , and The Dark-Eyed Gentleman are excellent contrasting examples.
The Wistful Lady is most attractively performed and an excerpt from The Dynasts (“NapolÃ©on and JosÃ©phine”) was relatively new to me.
The interpolated narrations by Bernard Palmer are informative and relate clearly to the selections.
However and the songs from Betty Roe’s song-cycle Satires of Circumstance dotted here and there and seem hardly relevant to this compilation.
When extrapolated and heard as a song-cycle (as intended), its light quasi-sardonic approach, and uncomplicated musical setting, is attractive enough and sung stylishly by Margaret Cable and Christopher Keyte, with the composer at the piano.

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Using staining techniques and toxins that specifically destroy individual…

zackeryburton — Sun, 13 Jun 2010 04:19:11 +0000

Using staining techniques and toxins that specifically destroy individual nerve cells, neuroscientists have been able to trace the pathway of nerves that send acetylcholine signals in the higher cortex back to their origin, a small region of the forebrain known as the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
By dissecting the brain of a 74-year-old man who died after a 14-year history of Alzheimer’s, DeLong and his co-workers showed a “profound and selective loss” of Meynert cells, compared to brains of people who died without a history of dementia. Five other victims of Alzheimer’s disease showed the same loss of Meynert cells.
Until now and the role of the brain regions associated with Alzheimer’s disease has been little understood; they are part of what for years was called the “substantia innominata”(region without a name) because it had no known purpose.
DeLong’s own studies in primates, in which he damaged nerves leading from the nucleus basalis of Meynert to widespread regions of the cortex and then tried to use food to reward them for particular behaviour and suggested that the region may play an important role in learning. The possible implications of these animal studies for Alzheimer’s are obvious.
Some patients suffering dementia as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease or Down’s syndrome show nerve damage virtually identical to that in Alzheimer’s patients: in contrast, dementia due to Huntington’s disease seems to be due to a specific deterioration of different nerve cells.
Interestingly and the dementia from this disease has different characteristics than the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
The Baltimore studies are indeed good news, but, DeLong stressed recently that they are no more than that. “What about the relation of cell loss to the symptoms?” he asked.
“We have by no means demonstrated that this deficit is responsible for all, or in fact any of the symptoms.”
The effects of these nerve cells on arousal and learning are very complex and still need to be sorted out, he added. The Moon is all that rises
IS THERE a lunar rhythm to human sexual behaviour?
Not according to John Palmer, Richard Udry and Naomi Morris at the Population Center of the University of Carolina (Human Biology , vol 54, p111).
They investigated the sexual behaviour of 78 white American married couples (average age 26 years) over a 12 month period.
Husband and wife completed separate questionnaires each morning recording their copulations in the previous 24 hours to the nearest hour. Each mailed the questionnaire to the institute that morning. These couples averaged 2.44 copulations per week.
The most active couple managed 7.40 copulations per week and the least active 0.64 per week.
During the day there was a small peak in sexual activity at 7 am with a major peak at 10 pm in the evening.

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Our hack at the train buffet overheard…

zackeryburton — Sun, 06 Jun 2010 19:41:43 +0000

Our hack at the train buffet overheard recently just what the workers at Dounreay, where Britain’s work on fast breeder reactors is based and thought of one of the UKAEA’s director’s. (There are not prizes for guessing which one.)
It would seem that this director was flying in the authority’s private and twice daily and shuttle to the site (being a wartime airfield it has its own landing strip) when one of the wheels fell off as the under carriage was being lowered. The pilot radioed his plight but added that he would try and land anyway. The scientists and engineers-on site were asked to line the runway and pray.
Despite their prayers and the director’s plane landed safely claimed the raconteur. Tail piece…
POOR OLD HMS Sheffield.
Not only has she attracted more publicity than any other naval vessel since the Mary Rose, but she wasn’t even entirely British. We can now exclusively reveal that part of her was ” wait for it ” Argentinian.
During her construction an explosion of welding gas damaged the stern section and killed a gang of welders.
But as modern warships are built in modular form and the solution was to cut off the damaged part and weld on another.
Fortunately and there was a stern waiting nearby to be tacked on to another Type 42 destroyer ” the Hercules. It is ironic that the Hercules is now in service with the Argentinian navy. Adrift in the Atlantic
Dr Chris Lewis on the plight of the Cape Verde Islands
TELL your friends that you are going to the Cape Verde Islands and, in all probability and their eyes will glaze over for several seconds while they frantically try to recall their long-forgotten school geography.
Phone your travel agent to book a night there and the chances are that your request will be met with an equally incredulous silence, before receiving the inevitable, “Where?”
Even when you have convinced the travel agent that there is such a place, you are likely to become involved in a series of long telephone conversations.
The outcome will be that he claims he can book you a flight only to the international airport on Sal Island. This I subsequently discovered to be false.
But from there you will have to make you own arrangements via the local Cape Verde Airline offices.
You may also be told that there is an alternative route via Dakar and some 500 kilometres away, which may give you a connecting flight to Praia and the capital on Santiago Island ” provided, of course and that the plane turns up.
I chose the more orthodox route via Lisbon and Sal and arrived safely at my destination at Praia on the appointed day.
Others were less fortunate and spent more than a week exploring the delights of the Senegalese capital before completing their journey.

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The horn was taken to Caprington…

zackeryburton — Mon, 31 May 2010 02:29:14 +0000

The horn was taken to Caprington and is still on display in the castle.
The 375 years since it was unearthed seems to be short when compared to the 900 years or more it had lain buried.
King Coilus’s horn is a priceless relic and an important item from Ayrshire’s history.
It is to be regretted that so few people in the county are aware of its existence.
The names Coylton, Water of Coyle, Coilsfield and Coilsholm, all in the ancient district of Kyle, bear witness to the presence of Coilus in the area The burial mound, “Dead Man’s Holm” and the horn give credence to the legend, especially as it was an ancient legend before the mound was excavated or the horn unearthed.
In a legend so old, discrepancies in dates can be expected and are of secondary importance.
The scholar, Hector Boece, first Principal of Aberdeen University, writing about Ayrshire in the first few years of the 16th century, observed that,, another indication of the age of the legend. Our national bard, Robert Burns (175996), was familiar with the area.
His immortal sweetheart, Highland Mary Campbell, was employed at Coilsfield House, on the land of which the farm and its battlefield are situated.
Burns and Mary Campbell must have meandered around the estate in their courtship and the monument to their final parting is only a short distance from the battlefield and burial mound.
As an avid collector of folk tales, Robert Burns knew the story of King Coilus and the legend of Old King Cole, as is shown by the opening lines of his poem The Twa Dogs :”
In a note to his poem The Vision , Burns wrote, “Coilus, King of the Picts, from whom the district of Kyle is said to take its name, lies buried, as tradition says, near the family seat of the Montgomeries of Coilsfield, where his burial place is still shown.” In the same poem, he called his own poetic Muse, Coila.
One more factual piece of historical evidence must be considered.
About 420 A.D., a powerful king called Coel ruled must of the North of England and South of Scotland, including what is now Ayrshire. It may be that Coilus was, in fact.
Coel and that the Ayrshire legend has been mis-placed in the 8th century; it is possible also that Coilus was a descendant of Coel; we will never know.
If Coel or Coilus was the original of Old King Cole, he lived many centuries before smoking was practised in Britain and before fiddles had been conceived.
And yet, if a circle of blisters caused by the plague could give rise to a Ring-A-Ring-O’-Roses, and the famous Dick Whittington cat was not introduced until about 150 years after Dick died, why should embellishment through the ages not have taken King Coel or Coilus to Old King Cole, completed with pipe, bowl and fiddlers three.
It would be wrong to assert that Ayrshire’s claim to Old King Cole of the nursery rhyme can be substantiated beyond reasonable doubt but only the foolish would ridicule the ancient legend. Certainly.
those who omitted it from a dictionary of fables were less than scholarly. The last word, evidentially, is allowed to the latest researcher of the subject.
In a well researched book,Folk Heroes of Britain , by Charles Kightly, an English scholar and the author successfully debunks the legend connecting Cole with the Colchester area and supports the view that the Ayrshire legend is based on fact, Coel or Coilus being the person celebrated in the nursery rhyme. The reader is left to judge for himself.
One thing is certain and the legend is likely to live on in Ayrshire. THE EVIL MASTER OF STAIR
The Massacre of Glencoe is probably the most infamous event in Scottish history. For treachery and cold-blooded murder it has seldom been surpassed.
Every Scot knows at least part of the story of the massacre, but many are not aware of the background that led up to the atrocity and too little is known about the heinous wickedness of some of the characters involved.

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The company has bought the necessary…

zackeryburton — Sun, 30 May 2010 16:08:48 +0000

The company has bought the necessary continuous-welding machinery and is training operators.
BHC has spent about £1 million directly on developing the AP 188, in addition to the BTG grant (which it will repay from a levy on sales).
Much of the £1 million spent annually on hovercraft research and development over recent years is also directly applicable to the AP1-88.
The AP1-88′s four identical turbocharged, 12-cylinder Deutz diesel engines, each with a capacity of 19 litres and producing 315 kW of continuous power.
Two drive the fans, on each side of the hovercraft; three to pod and three to starboard.
The forward pair of fans supply air to two swivelling nozzles that point rearwards during cruising to produce extra thrust.
They are swivelled by a handwheel in the control cabin to steer the craft at low speeds.
The remaining four fans inflate the skirt to provide the cushion that keeps the Al-88 above the sea.
The propulsion engines drive the propellers via toothed belts and removing the need for the complicated transmission used with gas turbines.
The wooden propellers have fixed blades ” another simplification compared with the variable pitch propellers that BHC used in the past to alter the thrust.
Rudders behind the propellers work in concert with the swivelling nozzles to steer the hovercraft. The AP1-88 is 2355 m long and weighs 363 tonnes when fully loaded. It can carry its 101 passengers at more than 80 km/h across waves 1.5 m high.
The craft’s endurance will be 2.2 hours which can be increased to 5.25 hours by decreasing the number of passengers by 10 (these figures assume that each passenger carries 90 kg of baggage). A half-cabin model has also been planned.
This would carry 40 passengers plus a cargo.
Access to the deck is designed to allow light vehicles to be driven aboard.
This version would be suited to rescue and survey or inshore oil field support work and says the BHC.

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Some are to be found in…

zackeryburton — Sat, 22 May 2010 15:40:56 +0000

Some are to be found in the bad effects of traditional “god-worship” on the ethical behaviour of the individual.
One of the most serious of these has been the undermining of personal responsibility. Personal Responsibilities
Every human being has duties to others which he must accept.
He must acknowledge the fact that he is not an isolated and self-sufficient being, but is dependent on others.
This is a condition brought about by the combined effect of evolution and civilisation and for everyone it is quite unavoidable. The very first indications of it are to be seen in the helplessness of a baby.
In historic time and the case of a married man with children represents a common enough situation where duties are involved.
The seriousness with which such a man takes those duties, and the manner in which he arranges them in his mind as regards their priorities depends entirely on how, from early childhood, he has been taught and influenced by his home life and schools and religious training, if any. In short his attitude is moulded by civilisation.
Were he equipped with nothing but his hereditary instincts, unaffected by the influence of the centuries of the civilising process, it is very probable that he would instinctively distribute the allocation of his abilities first to the ensurance of his own personal well-being and then to the provision of a home of some sort, next to the care of his mate and then to his children and finally to the community in which he exists.
These things are fundamental, and are the natural outcome of the evolutionary process operating the laws of survival, and the order outlined above may be regarded as self-evidently constituting the best that would be achieved by very early man.
The pre-civilisation human family, in existence before any kind of personal care replaced the primitive laws of survival, would, by its very nature have been spared many of the divisive burdens which break up modern family life.
This evolutionarily-induced primitive acceptance of individual responsibility appears to have gradually lessened as the centuries since the dawn of civilisation have passed, until now, in this twentieth century there are indications of widespread irresponsibility on the part of the individual.
Civilisation, which is wholly controlled by man himself and should never have been allowed to develop without the unquestioning acceptance of the inexorable power of the evolutionary process itself to lay down the basic pattern of human behaviour.
This pattern must inevitably reflect the fundamental fact that all forms of life involve some kind of family life, however primitive, in which the main burdens of happy survival lay within that family.
In the human species those burdens are represented by the acceptance of personal responsibility.
All the indications are that man’s efforts successfully to modify and refine the product of the evolutionary process by the introduction of civilisation, have been almost destroyed by the tangled mass of religious absurdity and rubbish which he has allowed to enter into it, and reduce it to but a tragic travesty of what it should be . Belief in the Unfailing Providence of an Imaginary Deity
If the very young, and sometimes the educationally very backward, are taught, or perhaps more accurately indoctrinated, with the idea that there is a “god” who approves the teaching, who is caring for them, and who will provide for their needs and they will believe this,even when a state of intense deprivation confutes this every day of their lives .
They have yet to learn what thinking people who are honest with themselves already know, namely and that all history shows that none of the worshipped “gods” has ever directly provided anything.
This would be untrue of course, if “god” were just another name for the natural processes which provide food, but such a limited definition of the word would serve no purpose in the establishment of a religion, and it has never been thus used. Much more has always been claimed for it.
Claiming that natural processes are carried out by “god” and then further claiming that evidence of the process is proof of the independent and prior existence of the “god”, is an example of the “circular logic”that is sometimes advanced as proof, and often can be quite difficult to expose for the fraud that it is.

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It is likely that the roles of husband and wife were…

zackeryburton — Sat, 08 May 2010 03:53:33 +0000

It is likely that the roles of husband and wife were defined early on in marriage.
Now, if the children have grown up and the wife wishes to embark on a career, or return to her former one, or if an elderly relative needs to receive full-time care and the roles may need to be redefined.
It is no good for a wife to initiate changes that will affect both partners before talking things over thoroughly with her husband.
Provided both are prepared to give some ground it is possible to sort out roles afresh and to plan new patterns for the marriage.
A man who and through choice or redundancy, decides to work from home, may be willing to take on simple cooking and housework so that his wife can return to full-time employment.
He will usually benefit from knowing that there will still be one regular wage coming in.
Talking through the advantages and the snags, and deciding what each can reasonably expect from the other and should reduce the threat of future rows and recriminations.
If a wife is going to be out all day and her husband refuses to help in the home and she may have to consider arranging or paying for help if she can afford to ” in order to do what she wants to do.
If she will be earning and that will eat into her profits, but she is likely to be more contented than if she had given up her job.
And the marriage is likely to be far happier than if she is working flat out while she is at home and blaming her husband for giving her no help.
When an elderly relative is to be cared for, it is important that having some time off together should be top priority for the couple. The marriage is still of prime importance.
If a husband wishes to set up his own business, his wife should think through the implications of having her husband at home all day, if she is at home too.
Being together night and day can put a new kind of pressure on the relationship, particularly at first. But, wisely handled and prepared for, it can enrich the marriage.
Talking to others whose judgement can be trusted, and who have weathered the same kind of changes, may be a help. New beginnings
Midlife is a time to come to terms with the past so that the future can be faced with no unfinished business to block the way ahead.
Married couples need to work through their shared past disappointments and mistakes as much as individuals do.
“I’ll never forget the time you…” can be an aggrieved refrain in real marriages as well as in music-hall jokes.
Many couples retain their sense of injury ” or perceived injury ” at the hands of the other, for many years.
They may refer to it or harbour it secretly and allow it to sour their trust and love.
If a marriage is to survive as a healthy and beneficial partnership for the second half of life and these remembered wrongs must be dealt with.
They must be forgiven and not left in limbo and ready to be recalled if needed for attack or defence.

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